Export & Import utilities in Oracle

expdp utility

The Data Pump export utility provides a mechanism for transferring data objects between Oracle databases.

With Data Pump, we can do all exp/imp activities, except incremental backups.

Format: expdp KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)


USERID must be the first parameter on the command line. This user must have read & write permissions on DIRECTORY.

$ expdp help=y

Keyword	Description (Default)
ATTACH	Attach to an existing job, e.g. ATTACH [=job name].
COMPRESSION	Reduce the size of a dumpfile. Valid keyword values are: ALL, (METADATA_ONLY), DATA_ONLY and NONE.
CONTENT	Specifies data to unload. Valid keyword values are: (ALL), DATA_ONLY, and METADATA_ONLY.
DATA_OPTIONS	Data layer flags. Valid value is: XML_CLOBS - write XML datatype in CLOB format.
DIRECTORY	Directory object to be used for dumpfiles and logfiles. (DATA_PUMP_DIR) e.g. create directory extdir as '/path/';
DUMPFILE	List of destination dump files (EXPDAT.DMP), e.g. DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp.
ENCRYPTION	Encrypt part or all of a dump file. Valid keyword values are: ALL, DATA_ONLY, METADATA_ONLY, ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY, or NONE.
ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM	Specify how encryption should be done. Valid keyword values are: (AES128), AES192, and AES256.
ENCRYPTION_MODE	Method of generating encryption key. Valid keyword values are: DUAL, PASSWORD, and (TRANSPARENT).
ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD	Password key for creating encrypted data within a dump file.
ESTIMATE	Calculate job estimates. Valid keyword values are: (BLOCKS) and STATISTICS.
ESTIMATE_ONLY	Calculate job estimates without performing the export.
EXCLUDE	Exclude specific object types. e.g. EXCLUDE=TABLE:EMP
FILESIZE	Specify the size of each dumpfile in units of bytes.
FLASHBACK_SCN	SCN used to reset session snapshot.
FLASHBACK_TIME	Time used to find the closest corresponding SCN value.
FULL	Export entire database (N). To use this option user must have EXP_FULL_DATABASE role.
HELP	Display help messages (N).
INCLUDE	Include specific object types. e.g. INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA.
JOB_NAME	Name of export job (default name will be SYS_EXPORT_XXXX_01, where XXXX can be FULL or SCHEMA or TABLE).
LOGFILE	Specify log file name (EXPORT.LOG).
NETWORK_LINK	Name of remote database link to the source system.
NOLOGFILE	Do not write logfile (N).
PARALLEL	Change the number of active workers for current job.
PARFILE	Specify parameter file name.
QUERY	Predicate clause used to export a subset of a table. e.g. QUERY=emp:"WHERE dept_id > 10".
REMAP_DATA	Specify a data conversion function. e.g. REMAP_DATA=EMP.EMPNO:SCOTT.EMPNO
REUSE_DUMPFILES	Overwrite destination dump file if it exists (N).
SAMPLE	Percentage of data to be exported.
SCHEMAS	List of schemas to export (login schema).
SOURCE_EDITION	Edition to be used for extracting metadata (from Oracle 11g release2).
STATUS	Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where the default (0) will show new status when available.
TABLES	Identifies a list of tables to export. e.g. TABLES=HR.EMP,SH.SALES:SALES_1995.
TABLESPACES	Identifies a list of tablespaces to export.
TRANSPORTABLE	Specify whether transportable method can be used. Valid keyword values are: ALWAYS, (NEVER).
TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK	Verify storage segments of all tables (N).
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES	List of tablespaces from which metadata will be unloaded.
VERSION	Version of objects to export. Valid keywords are: (COMPATIBLE), LATEST, or any valid database version.

The following commands are valid while in interactive mode.
Note: abbreviations are allowed

Data Pump Export interactive mode
While exporting is going on, press Control-C to go to interactive mode, it will stop the displaying of the messages on the screen, but not the export process itself.

Export> [[here you can use the below interactive commands]]

Command	Description
ADD_FILE	Add dumpfile to dumpfile set.
CONTINUE_CLIENT	Return to logging mode. Job will be re-started if idle.
EXIT_CLIENT	Quit client session and leave job running.
FILESIZE	Default filesize (bytes) for subsequent ADD_FILE commands.
HELP	Summarize interactive commands.
KILL_JOB	Detach and delete job.
PARALLEL	Change the number of active workers for current job. PARALLEL=number of workers
REUSE_DUMPFILES	Overwrite destination dump file if it exists (N).
START_JOB	Start/resume current job. Valid value is: SKIP_CURRENT.
STATUS	Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where the default (0) will show new status when available. STATUS[=interval]
STOP_JOB	Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client. STOP_JOB=IMMEDIATE performs an immediate shutdown of Data Pump job.

Note: values within parenthesis are the default values.
The options in sky blue color are the enhancements in Oracle 11g Release1.
The options in blue color are the enhancements in Oracle 11g Release2.

Whenever Data Pump export or import is running, Oracle will create a table with the JOB_NAME and will be deleted once the job is done. From this table, Oracle will find out how much job has been completed and from where to continue etc.

Data Pump Export Examples

 

SQL> CREATE DIRECTORY dp_dir AS '/u02/dpdata';

SQL> GRANT READ, WRITE ON DIRECTORY dp_dir TO user_name;

==> creating an external directory and granting privileges.

$ expdp DUMPFILE=liv_full.dmp LOGFILE=liv_full.log FULL=y PARALLEL=4

==> exporting whole database, with the help of 4 processes.

$ expdp DUMPFILE=master.dmp LOGFILE=master.log SCHEMAS=satya

(or)

$ expdp system/manager SCHEMAS=hr DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir LOGFILE=example1.log FILESIZE=300000 DUMPFILE=example1.dmp JOB_NAME=example1

==> exporting all the objects of a schema.

$ expdp ATTACH=EXAMPLE1

==> continuing or attaching job to background process.

$ expdp DUMPFILE=search.dmp LOGFILE=search.log SCHEMAS=search,own,tester

==> exporting all the objects of multiple schemas.

$ expdp anand/coffee TABLES=kick DIRECTORY=ext_dir DUMPFILE=expkick_%U.dmp PARALLEL=4 JOB_NAME=kick_export

==> exporting all the rows in table.

$ expdp DUMPFILE=t5.dmp LOGFILE=t5.log SCHEMAS=ym ESTIMATE_ONLY=Y

(or)

$ expdp LOGFILE=t5.log SCHEMAS=manage ESTIMATE_ONLY=Y

==> estimating export time and size.

$ expdp DUMPFILE=extdir:avail.dmp LOGFILE=extdir:avail.log

==> exporting without specifying DIRECTORY option and specifying the external directory name within the file names.

$ expdp SCHEMAS=u1,u6 .... COMPRESSION=metadata_only

==> exporting two schemas and compressing the metadata.

$ expdp SCHEMAS=cpp,java .... COMPRESSION=all

==> exporting two schemas and compressing the data (valid in 11g or later).

$ expdp username/password FULL=y DUMPFILE=dba.dmp DIRECTORY=dpump_dir INCLUDE=GRANT INCLUDE=INDEX CONTENT=ALL

==> exporting an entire database to a dump file with all GRANTS, INDEXES and data

$ expdp DUMPFILE=dba.dmp DIRECTORY=dpump_dir INCLUDE=PROCEDURE

==> exporting all the procedures.

$ expdp username/password DUMPFILE=dba.dmp DIRECTORY=dpump_dir INCLUDE=PROCEDURE:\"=\'PROC1\'\",FUNCTION:\"=\'FUNC1\'\"

==> exporting procedure PROC1 and function FUNC1.

$ expdp username/password DUMPFILE=dba.dmp DIRECTORY=dpump_dir

INCLUDE=TABLE:"LIKE 'TAB%'"

(or)

$ expdp username/password DUMPFILE=dba.dmp DIRECTORY=dpump_dir EXCLUDE=TABLE:"NOT LIKE 'TAB%'"

==> exporting only those tables whose name start with TAB.

$ expdp TABLES=hr.employees VERSION=10.1 DIRECTORY=dpump_dir1 DUMPFILE=emp.dmp

==> exporting data with version. Data Pump Import can always read dump file sets created by older versions of Data Pump Export.

$ expdp TABLES=holder,activity REMAP_DATA=holder.cardno:hidedata.newcc

REMAP_DATA=activity.cardno:hidedata.newcc DIRECTORY=dpump_dir DUMPFILE=hremp2.dmp

==> exporting and remapping of data.

Exporting using Data Pump API (DBMS_DATAPUMP package)

declare  handle number; begin  handle := dbms_datapump.open ('EXPORT', 'SCHEMA');  dbms_datapump.add_file(handle, 'scott.dmp', 'EXTDIR');  dbms_datapump.metadata_filter(handle, 'SCHEMA_EXPR','=''SCOTT''');  dbms_datapump.set_parallel(handle,4);  dbms_datapump.start_job(handle);  dbms_datapump.detach(handle); exception  when others then   dbms_output.put_line(substr(sqlerrm, 1, 254)); end; /

impdp utility

The Data Pump Import utility provides a mechanism for transferring
data objects between Oracle databases.

Format: impdp KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)


USERID must be the first parameter on the command line. This user must have read & write permissions on DIRECTORY.

$ impdp help=y

Keyword	Description (Default)
ATTACH	Attach to an existing job, e.g. ATTACH [=job name].
CONTENT	Specifies data to load. Valid keywords are:(ALL), DATA_ONLY, and METADATA_ONLY.
DATA_OPTIONS	Data layer flags. Valid value is: SKIP_CONSTRAINT_ERRORS-constraint errors are not fatal.
DIRECTORY	Directory object to be used for dump, log, and sql files. (DATA_PUMP_DIR)
DUMPFILE	List of dumpfiles to import from (EXPDAT.DMP), e.g. DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp.
ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD	Password key for accessing encrypted data within a dump file. Not valid for network import jobs.
ESTIMATE	Calculate job estimates. Valid keywords are:(BLOCKS) and STATISTICS.
EXCLUDE	Exclude specific object types. e.g. EXCLUDE=TABLE:EMP
FLASHBACK_SCN	SCN used to reset session snapshot.
FLASHBACK_TIME	Time used to find the closest corresponding SCN value.
FULL	Import everything from source (Y). To use this option (full import of the database) the user must have IMP_FULL_DATABASE role.
HELP	Display help messages (N).
INCLUDE	Include specific object types. e.g. INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA.
JOB_NAME	Name of import job (default name will be SYS_IMPORT_XXXX_01, where XXXX can be FULL or SCHEMA or TABLE).
LOGFILE	Log file name (IMPORT.LOG).
NETWORK_LINK	Name of remote database link to the source system.
NOLOGFILE	Do not write logfile.
PARALLEL	Change the number of active workers for current job.
PARFILE	Specify parameter file name.
PARTITION_OPTIONS	Specify how partitions should be transformed. Valid keywords are: DEPARTITION, MERGE and (NONE).
QUERY	Predicate clause used to import a subset of a table. e.g. QUERY=emp:"WHERE dept_id > 10".
REMAP_DATA	Specify a data conversion function. e.g. REMAP_DATA=EMP.EMPNO:SCOTT.EMPNO
REMAP_DATAFILE	Redefine datafile references in all DDL statements.
REMAP_SCHEMA	Objects from one schema are loaded into another schema.
REMAP_TABLE	Table names are remapped to another table. e.g. REMAP_TABLE=EMP.EMPNO:SCOTT.EMPNO.
REMAP_TABLESPACE	Tablespace object are remapped to another tablespace.
REUSE_DATAFILES	Tablespace will be initialized if it already exists(N).
SCHEMAS	List of schemas to import.
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES	Skip indexes that were set to the Index Unusable state.
SOURCE_EDITION	Edition to be used for extracting metadata (from Oracle 11g release2).
SQLFILE	Write all the SQL DDL to a specified file.
STATUS	Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where the default (0) will show new status when available.
STREAMS_CONFIGURATION	Enable the loading of streams metadata.
TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION	Action to take if imported object already exists. Valid keywords: (SKIP), APPEND, REPLACE and TRUNCATE.
TABLES	Identifies a list of tables to import. e.g. TABLES=HR.EMP,SH.SALES:SALES_1995.
TABLESPACES	Identifies a list of tablespaces to import.
TARGET_EDITION	Edition to be used for loading metadata (from Oracle 11g release2).
TRANSFORM	Metadata transform to apply to applicable objects. Valid keywords: SEGMENT_ATTRIBUTES, STORAGE, OID and PCTSPACE, LOB_STORAGE (new Oracle Database 12c).
TRANSPORTABLE	Options for choosing transportable data movement. Valid keywords: ALWAYS and (NEVER). Only valid in NETWORK_LINK mode import operations.
TRANSPORT_DATAFILES	List of datafiles to be imported by transportable mode.
TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK	Verify storage segments of all tables (N).
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES	List of tablespaces from which metadata will be loaded. Only valid in NETWORK_LINK mode import operations.
VERSION	Version of objects to export. Valid keywords are:(COMPATIBLE), LATEST, or any valid database version. Only valid for NETWORK_LINK and SQLFILE.

The following commands are valid while in interactive mode.
Note: abbreviations are allowed


Data Pump Import interactive mode
While importing is going on, press Control-C to go to interactive mode.

Import> [[here you can use the below interactive commands]]

Command	Description (Default)
CONTINUE_CLIENT	Return to logging mode. Job will be re-started if idle.
EXIT_CLIENT	Quit client session and leave job running.
HELP	Summarize interactive commands.
KILL_JOB	Detach and delete job.
PARALLEL	Change the number of active workers for current job. PARALLEL=number of workers
START_JOB	Start/resume current job. START_JOB=SKIP_CURRENT will start the job after skipping any action which was in progress when job was stopped.
STATUS	Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where the default (0) will show new status when available. STATUS[=interval]
STOP_JOB	Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client. STOP_JOB=IMMEDIATE performs an immediate shutdown of Data Pump job.

Note: values within parenthesis are the default values.
The options in sky blue color are the enhancements in Oracle 11g Release1.
The options in blue color are the enhancements in Oracle 11g Release2.

The order of importing objects is:

 Tablespaces

 Users

 Roles

 Database links

 Sequences

 Directories

 Synonyms

 Types

 Tables/Partitions

 Views

 Comments

 Packages/Procedures/Functions

 Materialized views

Data Pump Import Examples

$ impdp DUMPFILE=aslv_full.dmp LOGFILE=aslv_full.log PARALLEL=4

==> importing all the exported data, with the help of 4 processes.

$ impdp system/manager DUMPFILE=testdb_emp.dmp LOGFILE=testdb_emp_imp.log TABLES=tester.employee

==> importing all the records of table (employee table records in tester schema).

$ impdp DUMPFILE=visi.dmp LOGFILE=ref1imp.log TABLES=(brand, mba)

==> importing all the records of couple of tables.

$ impdp system DUMPFILE=example2.dmp REMAP_TABLESPACE=system:example2 LOGFILE=example2imp.log JOB_NAME=example2

==> importing data of one tablespace into another tablespace.

$ impdp DUMPFILE=prod.dmp LOGFILE=prod.log REMAP_TABLESPACE=FRI:WED TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=REPLACE PARALLEL=4

==> importing data and replacing already existing tables.

$ impdp user1/user1 DUMPFILE=btw:avail.dmp INCLUDE=PROCEDURE

==> importing only procedures from the dump file.

$ impdp username/password DIRECTORY=dpump_dir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp TABLES=scott.emp REMAP_SCHEMA=scott:jim

==> importing of tables from scott’s account to jim’s account

$ impdp DIRECTORY=dpump_dir FULL=Y DUMPFILE=db_full.dmp

REMAP_DATAFILE=”’C:\DB1\HR\PAYROLL\tbs6.dbf’:’/db1/hr/payroll/tbs6.dbf’”

==> importing data by remapping one datafile to another.

$ impdp username/password DIRECTORY=dpump DUMPFILE=expfull.dmp SQLFILE=dpump_dir2:expfull.sql INCLUDE=TABLE,INDEX

==> will create sqlfile with DDL that could be executed in another database/schema to create the tables and indexes.

$ impdp DIRECTORY=dpump_dir DUMPFILE=emps.dmp REMAP_DATA=emp.empno:fixusers.newempid REMAP_DATA=card.empno:fixusers.newempi TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION=append

==> importing and remapping of data.

$ impdp DUMPFILE=PRD_epi_Tue_dump.dmp logfile=PRD_epi_Tue_impdp.log PARALLEL=2 SCHEMAS=epi remap_tablespace=index:data exclude=grant

Importing using Data Pump API (DBMS_DATAPUMP package)

declare  handle number; begin  handle := dbms_datapump.open ('IMPORT', 'SCHEMA');  dbms_datapump.add_file(handle, 'scott.dmp', 'EXTDIR');  dbms_datapump.set_parameter(handle,'TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION','REPLACE');  dbms_datapump.set_parallel(handle,4);  dbms_datapump.start_job(handle);  dbms_datapump.detach(handle); exception  when others then   dbms_output.put_line(substr(sqlerrm, 1, 254)); end; /

Here is a general guideline for using the PARALLEL parameter:
 - Set the degree of parallelism to two times the number of CPUs, then tune from there.
 - For Data Pump Export, the PARALLEL parameter value should be less than or equal to the number of dump files.
 - For Data Pump Import, the PARALLEL parameter value should not be much larger than the number of files in the dump file set.
 - A PARALLEL greater than one is only available in Enterprise Edition.

Original Export is desupported from 10g release 2.

Original Import will be maintained and shipped forever, so that Oracle Version 5.0 through Oracle9i dump files will be able to be loaded into Oracle 10^g and later. Data Pump Import can only read Oracle Database 10^g (and later) Data Pump Export dump files. Oracle recommends that customers convert to use the Oracle Data Pump.